THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME AND FROZEN SHOULDER INJURY INSIGHTS
THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME AND FROZEN
SHOULDER
A frequent reason to visit MY SPORTS
INJURY CLINIC is shoulder pain, generally referred as a shoulder injury. There are many different
types of shoulder injuries such as
frozen shoulder, scapula dysfunction, dislocated shoulder, shoulder labral tears and
thoracic outlet syndrome, the last one is accompanied with neck pain as well. Others
common shoulder injuries are rotator
cuff injury and shoulder impingement. When you feel pain it's essential to attend a professional specialist consultation with our team at MY sports physio in Manchester.
Common shoulder injuries are
treated at MY Sport Injury & Osteopathy in Manchester City
Centre with certified and trained specialists. Sports Injury physiotherapists in Manchester can solve your needs, Using the Online Booking platform to book an appointment to treat and heal
your shoulder injury once and for
all!
In this article you can know, How
to treat a shoulder injury when you attend Sport Massage Manchester? · Sports Physiotherapy Manchester sessions : We can suggest some kind of suitable yet specific stretches and exercises to carry out at home in order to speed up the treatment and healing process. They may also offer viable advice about a patient’s lifestyle and Nutrition within their diet.
· Yoga For Shoulder injuries : Coral García Travesí (2014) indicates that yoga postures help athletes' shoulder injuries, Such as: Cow Face Pose, variation (Gomukhasana) sitting in a comfortable position with crossed legs, raise the right arm to the right, parallel to the ground. With palm up, rotate the arm and bring it behind the torso so that the forearm rests on the lower back; move your forearm up. Raise your left arm to the left with the palm of your hand facing up. Bend your elbow and try to reach out and take your right hand. You can do this pose with the help of a towel or a rope behind your back if you cannot hold your hands. Lateral Plank Pose, variation (Vasisthasana) stand on your forearms with your elbows below your shoulders and your feet together. Roll onto the ball of your right foot and rotate your right forearm 45 degrees inward. Raise your torso and stretch your left arm up. Hold for 30 to 60 seconds and repeat on the other side. ·Mental Health services coping with a Shoulder Injury. The role of MY Sports Injury & Physiotherapy Manchester in improving mental health, not all of the physical therapists believe that mental health is the whole thing about physical therapy. Good mental health is fundamental to the well-being of families, communities and individuals, poor mental health is related as one of the significant causes of disability, poor quality of life and reduced productivity, it has been documented that physical activity can improve quality of life for people with serious mental illness.
The Physio Manchester experts
always say “NO HEALTH
WITHOUT MENTAL HEALTH”.
A condition that causes neck and shoulder pain is thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), it occurs when the nerves or blood vessels just below the neck are
compressed or tight. Compression can occur between the neck and shoulder
muscles.
Treatment includes physical therapy as shoulder injury exercises, pain relievers and in severe cases,
surgery.
In accordance with Michael Rubin (2019) its pathogenesis is often
unknown, but it sometimes involves compression of the lower trunk of the
brachial plexus (and perhaps the subclavian vessels) but this condition is
unclear. Thoracic outlet syndromes are more common among women and usually develop between age 35 and 55. Compression can be caused by:
·
A cervical
rib.
·
Abnormal
first thoracic vertebra.
·
Abnormal position
or insertion of the scalene muscles.
·
Poorly
consolidated clavicle fracture
Signs and symptoms
Michael Rubin (2019) also says “Pain and paresthesias usually
begin in the neck or shoulder and extend to the medial aspect of the arm and
hand and sometimes to the adjacent anterior chest wall. Many patients have mild
to moderate sensory impairment in the C8 to T1 distribution on the painful side;
a few have prominent vascular-autonomic changes in the hand (cyanosis,
swelling). In even fewer, the entire affected hand is weak.
Rare complications include Raynaud
syndrome localized
to the affected arm and distal gangrene.”
There are several types of thoracic outlet syndrome, including the
following:
·
Neurogenic (neurological) thoracic outlet syndrome. This most common type of thoracic outlet syndrome is
brought about by compression of the brachial plexus.
·
Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome. This type of thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when
one or more of the veins (thoracic venous outlet syndrome) or arteries
(thoracic arterial outlet syndrome) below the clavicle become compressed.
·
Nonspecific thoracic outlet syndrome. This kind of injury is also called disputed thoracic
outlet syndrome. Some doctors do not believe it exists, while others say it is
a common disorder.
Symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome can vary depending on which
structures are compressed. When the nerves are compressed, the signs and
symptoms of neurological thoracic outlet syndrome include:
·
Numbness or
tingling in the arm or fingers.
·
Pain or
discomfort in the neck, shoulder, or hand.
·
Weakening
of grip.
Signs and symptoms of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome may include:
·
Discoloration
of the hand (bluish color).
·
Swelling
and arm pain, possibly due to blood clots.
·
Weak pulse in
the affected arm.
·
Cold
fingers, hands or arms.
·
Arm fatigue
with activity.
Causes of (TOS)
The causes of compression vary and can include the following:
·
Anatomical
defects.
·
Bad posture.
·
Trauma
injury.
·
Repetitive
activity, doing the same thing repeatedly can, over time, wear down body
tissue.
·
Pressure
exerted on the joints, obesity can put too much pressure on your joints.
·
Pregnancy,
because joints loosen during pregnancy, the signs of thoracic outlet syndrome
may first appear while you are pregnant.
Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome
(TOS)
Diagnosing thoracic outlet syndrome can be difficult because symptoms
and their intensity can vary greatly between people who have this disorder.
·
Imaging studies and nerve studies, X-rays, ultrasound, CT scan, magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), angiography,arteriography and venography,
electromyography,nerve conduction study.
To diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome, your doctor or physical therapist can review your
symptoms and medical history and perform a physical exam.
·
Physical exploration, a physical examination will be done to look for external signs of
thoracic outlet syndrome, such as slumped shoulders, swelling or paleness in
the arm, abnormal pulses, or reduced range of motion.
Among the most characteristic tests for (TOS) pathology are those who
put in compromise the different gorges through which neurovascular bundle runs.Adson test, costoclavicular maneuver or Falconer and Weddell test and Wright hyper abduction, according to J. A. Pujante Guirado (2009).
Treatment
of (TOS)
How to heal
a shoulder injury like Thoracic Outlet syndrome, in most cases, a conservative treatment modality is effective if your
condition is diagnosed early. Shoulder
injury treatment may include:
·
Physiotherapy, if you have neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, physical therapy at sports massage Manchester city Centre may be the treatment service of choice.
You will learn with your Sports physio in Manchester how to perform exercises to strengthen and stretch the shoulder
muscles, thereby, opening the thoracic outlet and improving range of motion and
body posture. These exercises, over time, can relieve pressure on the blood
vessels and nerves at the (TOS).Medication, prescribed by your doctor such as anti-inflammatory pain relievers, or
muscle relaxants to decrease inflammation and promote muscle relaxation.
If you are diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome, your doctor or physical therapist will instruct you to
do exercises at home, such as practice relaxation exercises, deep breathing,
meditation, gently massage the shoulders and thoracic outlet, yoga for shoulder injury stretching to
strengthen and support the muscles around the thoracic outlet and also help to
have a good mental health and an
acceptable mental health statistics,
to finally get a full shoulder injury
recovery.
In general, to avoid unnecessary stress on your shoulders and the
muscles around the thoracic outlet, you should do the following:
·
Maintain
good posture.
·
Take often breaks
at work to move and stretch.
·
Avoid mental health crisis.
Wait, surely you must be thinking, what
is mental health?
Mental health includes the emotional, psychological and social
well-being of people. It affects the way we think, feel, and interact.
Understanding this, mental health in UK is
an extremely important point; we must keep in mind mental health and become aware of.
·
Keep a
healthy weight.
·
Avoid
carrying heavy bags over your shoulder.
· Avoid
activities that make symptoms worse or find ways to adapt activities so they
don't cause symptoms.
· Create a
work area that allows you to maintain good posture and does not make symptoms
worse.
·
Apply a
heating pad to the area of Injury to relax surrounding muscles.
As a result of shoulder pain
and loss of motion due to inflammation, we are talking about a condition that
it is called frozen shoulder.
In order to Pietro Tonino (2016) people who have
frozen shoulder often experience shoulder pain, stiffness, and decreased range
of motion. Everyday activities such as getting dressed or reaching for
something can be challenging.
The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, made up
of three bones: the humerus, the shoulder blade, and the clavicle.
Signs and symptoms
· Pain; a dull, fixed and
continuous pain that occurs more at night and causes decreased arm movements.
More is produced in the first stage.
· Stiffness;
greatly limiting arm movements such as fastening the bra or combing hair.
· Decreased mobility of the arm;
there is decrease in both active and passive arm mobility.
Causes of frozen shoulder
The capsule of the shoulder
joint has ligaments that attach the shoulder bones to each other. When capsule
inflammation occurs, these bones are unable to move freely in the joint. Most
of the time, there is no cause for the inflammation. Risk factors include:
·
Diabetes.
·
Thyroid
problems.
·
Changes in
your hormones, such as those what happen during menopause.
·
Shoulder injury.
·
Mental health problems.
·
Shoulder
surgery.
·
Open heart
surgery.
·
Cervical
disc disease of the neck.
Diagnosis of Frozen shoulder
It is usually done with a good
medical history and physical examination.
On physical examination, the
patient is asked to raise the arms with the palms of the hands up, arms forward
(wanting to push something forward), spread the arms to the sides, and bring
the hands behind the back. If any of these movements present difficulty, you should
think of frozen shoulder. Sometimes doctors and physio Manchester ask for additional studies such as an X-ray or an
MRI, this serves to rule out other types of injuries.
Treatment of frozen shoulder
The main treatment is
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid injections and physical therapy.
When the treatment is not effective,
surgery is performed. Physiotherapeutic
treatment should always be carried out after surgery; recovery varies from 6
weeks to 3 months.
Physiotherapy Manchester
·
Heat; the heat
applied at the beginning of the treatment helps to loosen the shoulder before mobilizations
and stretches.
·
Shoulder mobilizations; your physio Manchester must
perform gentle mobilizations.
·
Stretching.
·
Gentle
massages of all the muscles.
·
Acupuncture.
·
Cryotherapy
at the end of the therapies.
Physio exercises for the
frozen shoulder patient.
·
“Spiderlings”, facing a wall with your
hands extended on it, climb with your fingers up as if it were a spider, go up
until you feel tension in your shoulder, lower and rest your arm, do this 10
times.
·
Codman exercises; recommended at the beginning of therapy and at the end of it. Perform
circles with the arm hanging on the table.
·
With a
stick lying down and seated, perform the movements of flexion, rotation,
abduction and adduction of the arm, helping you with the good arm.
·
In the
frame of a door, place the arm at 90º of flexion and put the hand on the edge
of the door, turn the body to cause external rotation at the shoulder.
·
Self-assisted
arm lift. Positioned supine on the table, bring the arm up and from below the elbow;
help with the hand of the good arm to force the movement.
·
Cross the
outstretched affected arm to the other side passing under the chin and increase
the stretch with the hand of the good arm. This can be done on the back with
the help of a towel grasped by the ends with both hands and pulling to the
right or left to search for internal or external rotation.
References
American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons website. Frozen shoulder.
Orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases—conditions/frozen-shoulder. Update March 2018.
Accessed December 10, 2018.
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Stiff shoulder. In: Miller MD, Thompson SR, eds. Delee and Drez’s Orthopaedic
Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA:
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TW. Shoulder and elbow injuries. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, Canale ST, eds.
Campbell’s Operative Orthopaedics, 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA:
Elsevier; 2017: chap 46.
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FF. Thoracic outlet syndrome. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020. Philadelphia,
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Accessed May 19, 2016.
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RC, Prohaska D. Diagnosis and management of adhesive capsulitis. Curr Rev
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Adhesions
in the Shoulder. PubMed Health website. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025850/. Accessed May 22, 2016.
Page
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Andary
J.L, Petersen S.A.The vascular anatomy
of the glenohumeral capsule and ligaments: an anatomic study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002; 84-A: 2258-2265.
Buller
LT, et al. Thoracic outlet syndrome: Current concepts, imaging features, and
therapeutic strategies. The American Journal of Orthopedics. 2015;44:376.
AskMayoExpert.
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